现在一般时 (Simple Present Tense)
结构： 主语 + 动词原形 (第三人称单数主语后加 -s/-es)。疑问句和否定句需借助助动词 do/does。
I/You/We/They work here. / She works here.
Do you like coffee? / He does not (doesn't) play tennis.
核心用法：
表示习惯性、经常性动作： I drink coffee every morning. She goes to the gym three times a week.
表示普遍真理、客观事实或科学定律： Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. The sun rises in the east.
表示现在的状态、感觉、拥有或思维活动 (常与状态动词连用)： I know the answer. He loves music. They have a big house. I believe you.
表示按计划、时刻表将要发生的未来事件 (常用于交通、日程安排)： The train leaves at 8 PM tomorrow. Our meeting starts in ten minutes.
在时间/条件状语从句中代替一般将来时： When you arrive, call me. If it rains, we'll stay home.
现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)
结构： 主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词 (-ing 形式)。
I am working. / She is studying. / They are playing football.
核心用法：
表示说话时正在进行的动作： Look! It is raining. Shh, the baby is sleeping.
表示现阶段正在进行的动作 (说话时不一定正在进行)： I am learning Spanish this year. They are building a new bridge downtown.
表示按计划或安排将要发生的近期未来事件： We are meeting for lunch tomorrow. He is flying to Paris next week.
与频度副词连用，表示重复发生的动作 (常带有感情色彩如不满、惊讶)： You are always interrupting me! She is constantly losing her keys.
重要限制： 通常不与表示状态、感觉、拥有、思维等的状态动词 (Stative Verbs) 连用 (如：know, believe, like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, understand, remember, seem, have (拥有), belong)。这些动词用一般现在时表示状态。例如：I understand (√) / I am understanding (X)。
现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)
结构： 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词。
I/You/We/They have finished. / She/He/It has finished.
核心用法 (强调过去动作与现在的联系)：
表示过去发生但对现在仍有影响的动作或结果： I have lost my keys. (结果：我现在没钥匙，进不了门。) She has broken her leg. (结果：她现在腿断了，不能走路。)
表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态 (常与 for + 时间段 / since + 时间点连用)： We have lived here for ten years. (现在还住这里) He has known her since childhood. (现在仍然认识)
表示过去到现在为止的经历 (常与 ever, never, once, twice, before 等连用)： Have you ever been to Japan? I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.
表示过去发生的动作在现在之前已完成 (刚刚/已经/尚未)： I have just finished my homework. Has the mail arrived yet? We haven't decided where to go.
现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
结构： 主语 + have/has + been + 动词现在分词 (-ing 形式)。
I/You/We/They have been waiting. / She/He/It has been raining.
核心用法：
强调动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，并且可能仍在进行或刚刚停止： She has been studying English for two hours. (现在还在学或刚停下) How long have you been waiting? (说话时还在等)
强调动作的持续性、重复性或未完成性： I'm tired because I have been working in the garden all morning. (强调持续劳动的过程导致现在累) He has been trying to fix the computer all day. (强调反复尝试，可能成功也可能没成功)
与现在完成时的区别：
现在完成时 (持续用法) 强调状态或动作本身的存在和持续时间 (We have lived here for 10 years - 状态持续)。
现在完成进行时更强调动作本身的持续进行、未完成或重复性，常带感情色彩 (I have been painting the house all week - 强调一直在做这件事，很累且可能还没完成)。
本站仅提供存储服务，所有内容均由用户发布，如发现有害或侵权内容，请点击举报。万宝配资-万宝配资官网-配资公司平台-十大股票配资平台提示：文章来自网络，不代表本站观点。
